Get Involved/development/IDE configuration/CLion: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 05:43, 10 September 2023

CLion is a proprietary IDE for C++ from JetBrains.

A screen recording version is available https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_V5AqMj2fWc

Install CLion

Follow the Install CLion documentation.

If using Arch Linux, you can install the AUR package clion.

Setup a KDE project in CLion

In this article we will use dolphin as an example project. Prerequisite is that you have successfully built a project following kdesrc-build setup procedure. This article assumes your username is username, and the kdesrc-build setup path is /home/username/kde/. Replace them to the your values in the specified commands.

Importing project

In the "Welcome to Clion" window press "Open" button. In the "Open File or Project", chose a root folder of dolphin project (~/kde/src/dolphin) or select the CMakeLists.txt file in that directory. It will ask how do you want to open it. Press "Open as Project" for file, or "Open as CMake project" for directory.

CMake profile

After previous step, the new window will open to setup cmake profile. You can reach these settings later by going to Settings | Build, Execution, Deployment | CMake. Choose Debug build. In the Generator, set "Let Cmake decide". In the Build directory, specify the build directory path, for this example it will be /home/username/kde/build/dolphin.

In this same window, under CMake options, we must set some important variables such as CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH. If the prefix was in "/home/username/kde", then the CMake options line would look like:

-DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/home/username/kde/usr
-DCMAKE_MODULE_PATH=/home/username/kde/usr/lib64/cmake:/home/username/kde/usr/lib/cmake
-DQT_PLUGIN_PATH=/home/username/kde/usr/lib64/plugins:/home/username/kde/usr/lib/plugins
-DXDG_DATA_DIRS=/home/username/kde/usr/share

You probably would want to save that to file `~/kde/clion_cmake_options.txt` for future use.

Press OK.

Run/Debug Configuration

In the run/debug target (in the upper right corner of main window), select "dolphin".

Expand it and choose Edit.

The Run/Debug Configurations window will appear.

In the Environment variables field click edit button.

You can add variables in there manually or reuse exports from prefix.sh script from build directory.

Note: if you want to modify debugging output messages, you can add corresponding variables there. See Guidelines and HOWTOs/Debugging/Using Error Messages#Controlling_Messages.

Variants to setup environment variables

Reusing existing prefix.sh

For convenience, copy the /home/username/kde/build/dolphin/prefix.sh to /home/username/kde/clion_run_environment.sh. Use the following syntax for setting variables in that script: export VAR=value.

In the Environment Variables dialog, in the Load Variables from file field, paste the path /home/username/kde/clion_run_environment.sh.

Setting variables manually

Translate the content of the file ~/kde/build/dolphin/prefix.sh to the variables list that you can paste to CLion. E.g. if ~/kde/build/dolphin/prefix.sh is like:

export PATH=/home/username/kde/usr/bin:$PATH

# LD_LIBRARY_PATH only needed if you are building without rpath
# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/username/kde/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

export XDG_DATA_DIRS=/home/username/kde/usr/share:${XDG_DATA_DIRS:-/usr/local/share/:/usr/share/}
export XDG_CONFIG_DIRS=/home/username/kde/usr/etc/xdg:${XDG_CONFIG_DIRS:-/etc/xdg}

export QT_PLUGIN_PATH=/home/username/kde/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/plugins:$QT_PLUGIN_PATH
export QML2_IMPORT_PATH=/home/username/kde/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/qml:$QML2_IMPORT_PATH

export QT_QUICK_CONTROLS_STYLE_PATH=/home/username/kde/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/qml/QtQuick/Controls.2/:$QT_QUICK_CONTROLS_STYLE_PATH

Then the same thing in the form of variables list for CLion looks like this block of text:

PATH=/home/username/kde/usr/bin:$PATH$
XDG_DATA_DIRS=/home/username/kde/usr/share:$XDG_DATA_DIRS$:/usr/local/share/:/usr/share/}
XDG_CONFIG_DIRS=/home/username/kde/usr/etc/xdg:$XDG_CONFIG_DIRS$:/etc/xdg
QT_PLUGIN_PATH=/home/username/kde/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/plugins:$QT_PLUGIN_PATH$
QML2_IMPORT_PATH=/home/username/kde/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/qml:$QML2_IMPORT_PATH$
QT_QUICK_CONTROLS_STYLE_PATH=/home/username/kde/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/qml/QtQuick/Controls.2/:$QT_QUICK_CONTROLS_STYLE_PATH$

You probably want to save the above block of text, in order to reuse it when loading other KDE git repositories in CLion. E.g. to file ~/kde/clion_run_environment.txt.

Then in the Environment Variables dialog, paste the contents of the ~/kde/clion_run_environment.txt.

Additional settings

In the Settings | Build, Execution, Deployment | Toolchains you can use bundled cmake and gdb. In Arch Linux their versions are very recent and not yet supported by CLion. They can be installed with clion-cmake and clion-gdb.

Tips and Tricks

Set defaults for new projects

For convenience, you can specify default settings for new opened projects. This allows you to not set it manually for each new project you open in CLion.

Go to File | New Projects Setup | Settings for New Projects. The Build, Execution, Deployment | CMake page will be opened. Open the Debug profile.

In the Generator field choose 'Let CMake decide'.

In the Build directory field type: $PROJECT_DIR$/../../build/$PROJECT_NAME$.

Press OK button.

Additional notes

Under Construction
This is a new page, currently under construction!

Note that I tell kdesrc-build to use the CMake generator "Unix Makefiles" by commenting out the line cmake-generator from the kdesrc-buildrc configuration file. I also need to configure kdesrc-build to use the CMake build configuration "Debug" in order to be able to use the debugger in the IDE, and I use more than 4 CPU threads. For more details see the wiki page for the IDE QtCreator.

cmake-options -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug
...
num-cores 14
...
#cmake-generator Kate - Ninja

Build a KDE project e.g.

kdesrc-build kcalc --debug

Look at the output, write down the part similar to:

Running cmake targeting Unix Makefiles...
        cd /home/username/kde/build/kcalc

run_logged_command(): Module kcalc, Command: cmake -B . -S /home/username/kde/src/kcalc -G Unix Makefiles -DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS:BOOL=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DBUILD_WITH_QT6=ON -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS:STRING=-pipe -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/home/username/kde/usr -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/home/username/Qt/6.6.0/gcc_64
        Setting environment variable XDG_DATA_DIRS to /home/username/kde/usr/share:/usr/share/plasma:/usr/local/share:/usr/share:/var/lib/snapd/desktop
        Setting environment variable PATH to /home/username/kde/usr/bin:/home/username/Qt/6.6.0/gcc_64/bin:/home/username/.local/bin:/home/username/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin
        Setting environment variable CMAKE_MODULE_PATH to /home/username/Qt/6.6.0/gcc_64/lib/cmake:/home/username/kde/usr/lib64/cmake:/home/username/kde/usr/lib/cmake
        Setting environment variable PKG_CONFIG_PATH to /home/username/kde/usr/lib/pkgconfig:/home/username/Qt/6.6.0/gcc_64/lib/pkgconfig
        Setting environment variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH to /home/username/kde/usr/lib:/home/username/Qt/6.6.0/gcc_64/lib
        Setting environment variable CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH to /home/username/Qt/6.6.0/gcc_64:/home/username/kde/usr
        Setting environment variable QT_PLUGIN_PATH to /home/username/kde/usr/lib64/plugins:/home/username/kde/usr/lib/plugins

In the "Welcome to CLion" wizard > "Open" > "/home/username/kde/src/kcalc/CMakeLists.txt" > OK. The dialog "Open Project CMakeLists.txt is a project file. Would you like to open the project?" is shown, select "Open as Project". Enable check box "Trust projects in ~/kde/src" > "Trust Project" button. In the "Open Project Wizard" dialog select "OK".

Look at the the part that you have written down from the output of kdesrc-build kcalc --debug. In Settings > Build, Execution, Deployment select the "Debug" CMake "Profile". "Generator:" "Let CMake decide", "Build directory:" "/home/username/kde/build/kcalc".

CMake options:

-G "Unix Makefiles" -DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS:BOOL=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DBUILD_WITH_QT6=ON -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS:STRING=-pipe -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/home/username/kde/usr -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/home/username/Qt/6.6.0/gcc_64

Convert using a text editor and text replace:

        Setting environment variable XDG_DATA_DIRS to /home/username/kde/usr/share:/usr/share/plasma:/usr/local/share:/usr/share:/var/lib/snapd/desktop
        Setting environment variable PATH to /home/username/kde/usr/bin:/home/username/Qt/6.6.0/gcc_64/bin:/home/username/.local/bin:/home/username/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin
        Setting environment variable CMAKE_MODULE_PATH to /home/username/Qt/6.6.0/gcc_64/lib/cmake:/home/username/kde/usr/lib64/cmake:/home/username/kde/usr/lib/cmake
        Setting environment variable PKG_CONFIG_PATH to /home/username/kde/usr/lib/pkgconfig:/home/username/Qt/6.6.0/gcc_64/lib/pkgconfig
        Setting environment variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH to /home/username/kde/usr/lib:/home/username/Qt/6.6.0/gcc_64/lib
        Setting environment variable CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH to /home/username/Qt/6.6.0/gcc_64:/home/username/kde/usr
        Setting environment variable QT_PLUGIN_PATH to /home/username/kde/usr/lib64/plugins:/home/username/kde/usr/lib/plugins

by replacing " Setting environment variable " with "", and by replacing " to " with "=" to:

XDG_DATA_DIRS=/home/username/kde/usr/share:/usr/share/plasma:/usr/local/share:/usr/share:/var/lib/snapd/desktop
PATH=/home/username/kde/usr/bin:/home/username/Qt/6.6.0/gcc_64/bin:/home/username/.local/bin:/home/username/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin
CMAKE_MODULE_PATH=/home/username/Qt/6.6.0/gcc_64/lib/cmake:/home/username/kde/usr/lib64/cmake:/home/username/kde/usr/lib/cmake
PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/home/username/kde/usr/lib/pkgconfig:/home/username/Qt/6.6.0/gcc_64/lib/pkgconfig
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/username/kde/usr/lib:/home/username/Qt/6.6.0/gcc_64/lib
CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/home/username/Qt/6.6.0/gcc_64:/home/username/kde/usr
QT_PLUGIN_PATH=/home/username/kde/usr/lib64/plugins:/home/username/kde/usr/lib/plugins

Select the text block above and in "Environment:" click on the button with the tooltip "Paste". Press "OK" button.

rm -rf ~/kde/build/kcalc

In the bottom left select the button with the tooltip CMake, this will open the CMake tool window. Press the Clear All button, press the "Reload CMake Project" button. Make sure that the output is correct. From the CLion main menu > Build > Rebuild "kcalc".

From the CLion main menu > Run > Edit Configurations... > kcalc > Environment variables: > use the button with the tooltip "Paste" to paste the same text block as above in the "Settings > Build, Execution, Deployment" >"Environment:".

Now you can run kcalc correctly, from the CLion main menu > Run > Run 'kcalc' Shift + F10.

Now you can debug kcalc correctly, from the CLion main menu > Run > Debug 'kcalc' Shift + F9.

If CLion starts the process kcalc (for running or for debugging), you can make sure that the process was started correctly. In Clion > in the bottom left button "Debug Alt + 5" > tab "GDB" > run the command info proc. It says:

(gdb) info proc
process 89954
cmdline = '/home/username/kde/build/kcalc/bin/kcalc'
cwd = '/home/username/kde/build/kcalc/bin'
exe = '/home/username/kde/build/kcalc/bin/kcalc'

In a terminal:

xargs -0 printf %s\\n < /proc/89954/environ

The value of the environment variables should be the same as in part that you have written down from the output of kdesrc-build kcalc --debug.