Get Involved/development/Tutorials/Using Qt Designer: Difference between revisions

From KDE Community Wiki
*>Harris
(I can't get the {{kde|KDialog}} template to work :/)
(Mark for updating)
 
(42 intermediate revisions by 15 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Review}}
== Qt Designer User Interfaces in KDE ==
== Qt Designer User Interfaces in KDE ==


Line 4: Line 6:
(UIs) created with Qt Designer, into your KDE project.   
(UIs) created with Qt Designer, into your KDE project.   


=== Designing the UI ===
== Designing the UI ==
 
Qt Designer is a graphical program which allows you to easily build user interfaces, using a ''drag n drop'' interface. Here is a short example how it can go, for more information read the [http://qt.nokia.com/doc/designer-manual.html user documentation].
 
;Step 0:
Call Qt Designer
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
designer
</syntaxhighlight>
;Note:
You can also use Qt Designer from within the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qt_Creator QtCreator] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_development_environment IDE] [[Development/Tutorials/Using_Qt_Creator|(here is how)]].
;Step 1:
Add the widgets you want by drag-and-drop
 
[[File:Designer-step1.png|200px]]
;Step 2:
Select the mainwindow. This is the one un-intuitive step. To lay out the objects in the mainwindow, you do not select the objects in the mainwindow, but the mainwindow itself.


[http://www.trolltech.com/products/qt/features/designer Qt Designer] is a
[[File:Designer-step2.png|200px]]
graphical program which allows you to easily build user interfaces, using an
;Step 3:
intuitive "drag n drop" interface.  Designer has its own excellent
Select Form -> Lay Out in a <u>G</u>rid
[http://doc.trolltech.com/4.2/designer-manual.html user documentation]. 
It might make sense to provide a brief example of using Designer here, but
for now I will leave most of that to the Designer manual itself.


=== Adding the UI File to Your KDE Project ===
[[File:Designer-step3.png|200px]]
;Result:
You get a decent look, and if you resize the window, the widgets resize as well.
 
[[File:Designer-result.png|200px]]
 
=== Adding a toolbar ===
To add a toolbar, right-click on the UI and choose "Add Toolbar". Then you can set icons and text in your mainwindow's constructor with code like this:
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
ui->toolBar->addAction(QIcon("/usr/share/icons/oxygen/22x22/apps/ktip.png"),"hello world");
</syntaxhighlight>
 
== Adding the UI File to Your KDE Project ==


For our purposes, the most important part of using Designer is the  
For our purposes, the most important part of using Designer is the  
Line 23: Line 50:
project, simply add a command like the following to your CMakeLists.txt file:
project, simply add a command like the following to your CMakeLists.txt file:


<code>
<syntaxhighlight lang="cmake">
kde4_add_ui_files(myapp_SRCS myialog.ui)
kde4_add_ui_files(myapp_SRCS mydialog.ui)
</code>
</syntaxhighlight>


Replace "<tt>myapp_SRCS</tt>" with the name of the main block in  
Replace "<tt>myapp_SRCS</tt>" with the name of the main block in  
Line 35: Line 62:
defines the UI.  The generated file will be named <tt>ui_mydialog.h</tt>.
defines the UI.  The generated file will be named <tt>ui_mydialog.h</tt>.


=== Using the UI in Your Code ===
== Using the UI in Your Code ==


The <tt>ui_mydialog.h</tt> file defines a class named  
The <tt>ui_mydialog.h</tt> file defines a class named  
"<tt>Ui_MyDialog</tt>", that contains all of the widgets you created in  
"<tt>Ui_MyDialog</tt>", that contains all of the widgets you created in  
Designer as public members of the class.  It also contains the public function
Designer as public members of the class.  It also contains the public function
"<tt>setupUi(QWidget*)</tt>", which instantiates all of the widgets,  
"<tt>setupUi(QWidget *parent)</tt>", which instantiates all of the widgets,  
sets up their properties, and inserts them into layout managers, all according  
sets up their properties, and inserts them into layout managers, all according  
to what you specified in Designer.
to what you specified in Designer.
Line 56: Line 83:
same class.
same class.


Now, on to actually using the generated UI in your code. There are a few ways
Now, on to actually using the generated UI in your code. The Qt documentation
to do this; for now I will only discuss one method, in which we create a class
shows three ways of [http://qt.nokia.com/doc/latest/designer-using-a-ui-file.html how to use ui-files];
that inherits from both <tt>Ui::MyDialog</tt> and a Qt container class
here only the ''direct approach'' is discussed. The goal is to create a KDialog
like {{qt|QFrame}}. Create a class definition file named
which embeds the UI from the ui-file. First, we have to subclass MyDialog from
"<tt>mydialog.h</tt>", and add the following:
KDialog and add a member variable of type Ui::MyDialog. The header file of
"<tt>mydialog.h</tt>" looks like the following:


<code cppqt>
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
#ifndef MYDIALOG_H
#ifndef MYDIALOG_H
#define MYDIALOG_H
#define MYDIALOG_H


#include <kdialog.h>
#include <KDialog>
 
// include the automatically generated header file for the ui-file
#include "ui_mydialog.h"
#include "ui_mydialog.h"
class MyDialogUI : public QFrame, public Ui::MyDialog
{
    Q_OBJECT
    public:
        MyDialogUI( QWidget *parent=0 );
};


class MyDialog : public KDialog
class MyDialog : public KDialog
Line 87: Line 110:


     private:
     private:
         MyDialogUI *ui;
         // accessor to the ui. we can access all gui elements
        // specified in Designer. If mydialog.ui contains a
        // button "myButton", we will be able to access it
        // with ui.myButton in the cpp file.
        Ui::MyDialog ui;
};
};


#endif
#endif
</code>
</syntaxhighlight>


So we have defined two classes.  <tt>MyDialogUI</tt> is simply a
Now we are going to look at the implementation of MyDialog, which is in the file
{{qt|QFrame}} with your UI elements placed inside it. 
"<tt>mydialog.cpp</tt>".
<tt>MyDialog</tt> is a {{kde|KDialog}} window, whose main
widget will be the <tt>MyDialogUI</tt> instance named
<tt>ui</tt> above.  Here is the "<tt>mydialog.cpp</tt>"  
C++ definition file:


<code cppqt>
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
#include <klocale.h>
#include <KLocale>
#include <kmessagebox.h>
#include <KMessageBox>


// include the header file of the dialog
#include "mydialog.h"
#include "mydialog.h"
MyDialogUI::MyDialogUI( QWidget *parent )
: QFrame( parent )
{
    setupUi( this );
}


MyDialog::MyDialog( QWidget *parent )
MyDialog::MyDialog( QWidget *parent )
: KDialog( parent )
: KDialog( parent )
{
{
     ui = new MyDialogUI( this );
     QWidget *widget = new QWidget( this );
     setMainWidget( ui );
 
    // create the user interface, the parent widget is "widget"
    ui.setupUi(widget); // this is the important part
 
    // set the widget with all its gui elements as the dialog's
    // main widget
     setMainWidget( widget );
 
    // other KDialog options
     setCaption( i18n("This is my Dialog window!") );
     setCaption( i18n("This is my Dialog window!") );
     setButtons( KDialog::Close );
     setButtons( KDialog::Close );


     //Example Signal/Slot connection using widgets in your UI.
     // Example Signal/Slot connection using widgets in your UI.
     //Note that you have to prepend "ui->" when referring to your UI widgets.
     // Note that you have to prepend "ui." when referring
     connect( ui->MyButton, SIGNAL( clicked() ), this, SLOT( slotButtonClicked() ) );
    // to your UI elements.
     connect( ui.myButton, SIGNAL( clicked() ),
            this, SLOT( slotButtonClicked() ) );
}
}


MyDialog::~MyDialog()
MyDialog::~MyDialog()
{
{
    delete ui;
}
}


void MyDialog::slotButtonClicked()  
void MyDialog::slotButtonClicked()  
{
{
     KMessageBox::information( this, i18n("You pressed the button!" ), i18n( "Hooray!" ) );
     KMessageBox::information( this,  
                              i18n("You pressed the button!" ),
                              i18n( "Hooray!" ) );
}
}


#include "mydialog.moc"
#include "mydialog.moc"
</code>
</syntaxhighlight>


So, basically, we call <tt>setupUi(this)</tt> in the <tt>MyDialogUI</tt>  
So, basically, we create a new Ui::MyDialog and then call
constructor, which places your UI elements into that widget. Then, in the  
<tt>ui.setupUi(widget)</tt> in the constructor of <tt>MyDialog</tt>. This
<tt>MyDialog</tt> constructor, we create the <tt>MyDialogUI</tt>
places the UI elements into the given widget. Then we set the parent-widget
instance named <tt>ui</tt> and set it to be our dialog's main widget.
as the KDialog's main widget. We can then interact with all of the UI elements
We can then interact with all of the UI elements by prepending  
by prepending "<tt>ui.</tt>" to their names, just like it is often done
"<tt>ui-></tt>" to their names.
with the prefix "<tt>m_</tt>".


=== Final Thoughts ===
== Final Thoughts ==


The cascade of files and classes in this tutorial may seem daunting at  
The cascade of files and classes in this tutorial may seem daunting at  
first, but the naming scheme I've layed out here has one nice intuitive  
first, but the naming scheme layed out here has one nice intuitive  
feature: the three source code files that you will be editing  
feature: the source code files that you will be editing directly (either as
directly (either as text or with Designer) are all named with the same  
text or with Designer) are all named with the same scheme:
simple filename stem: <tt>mydialog.ui</tt>, <tt>mydialog.h</tt>, and
* '''mydialog.ui''': the user interface, created with Designer
<tt>mydialog.cpp</tt>.  Just remember that you'll be using the
* '''ui_mydialog.h''': auto-generated by uic, Qt's user interface compiler
<tt>MyDialog</tt> class almost exclusively.  Setting up the  
* '''mydialog.h/cpp''': the dialog implementation
<tt>MyDialogUI</tt> class is easy (it only contains a one-line
The steps in short are
constructor), and once it's set up you can pretty well ignore it.
# create <tt>mydialog.ui</tt>
# create <tt>mydialog.h/cpp</tt>
# add variable Ui::MyDialog ui; in <tt>mydialog.h</tt>
# call <tt>ui.setupUi(widget);</tt>
# access the ui elements with <tt>ui.</tt>
 
== Qt Documentation ==
 
The Qt documentation contains a good article about
[http://qt.nokia.com/doc/latest/designer-using-a-ui-file.html Using a Designer .ui File in Your Application].
[[Category:C++]]
[[Category:KDE4]]

Latest revision as of 12:44, 16 May 2019

Warning

This page needs a review and probably holds information that needs to be fixed.

Parts to be reviewed:

{{{1}}}



Qt Designer User Interfaces in KDE

In this tutorial, we will explore how to programatically insert user interfaces (UIs) created with Qt Designer, into your KDE project.

Designing the UI

Qt Designer is a graphical program which allows you to easily build user interfaces, using a drag n drop interface. Here is a short example how it can go, for more information read the user documentation.

Step 0

Call Qt Designer

designer
Note

You can also use Qt Designer from within the QtCreator IDE (here is how).

Step 1

Add the widgets you want by drag-and-drop

Step 2

Select the mainwindow. This is the one un-intuitive step. To lay out the objects in the mainwindow, you do not select the objects in the mainwindow, but the mainwindow itself.

Step 3

Select Form -> Lay Out in a Grid

Result

You get a decent look, and if you resize the window, the widgets resize as well.

Adding a toolbar

To add a toolbar, right-click on the UI and choose "Add Toolbar". Then you can set icons and text in your mainwindow's constructor with code like this:

ui->toolBar->addAction(QIcon("/usr/share/icons/oxygen/22x22/apps/ktip.png"),"hello world");

Adding the UI File to Your KDE Project

For our purposes, the most important part of using Designer is the *.ui file that it creates. This is simply an XML file that encodes the user interface in a machine-readable (and human-readable!) way.

Let's imagine that you've created a UI named "MyDialog" with Designer, and saved it as the file mydialog.ui. To add this UI to your KDE project, simply add a command like the following to your CMakeLists.txt file:

kde4_add_ui_files(myapp_SRCS mydialog.ui)

Replace "myapp_SRCS" with the name of the main block in your CMakeLists.txt file, defining all of the source code files. It is usually the name of your application, with "_SRCS" appended.

When you do this, the build system will run the Qt program uic on mydialog.ui, to auto-generate a C++ header file that defines the UI. The generated file will be named ui_mydialog.h.

Using the UI in Your Code

The ui_mydialog.h file defines a class named "Ui_MyDialog", that contains all of the widgets you created in Designer as public members of the class. It also contains the public function "setupUi(QWidget *parent)", which instantiates all of the widgets, sets up their properties, and inserts them into layout managers, all according to what you specified in Designer.

Note that setupUi() takes a QWidget* argument. This argument represents the parent container widget, into which all of the widgets in your UI will be inserted. In other words, Ui_MyDialog is not itself derived from QWidget, and it does not contain a toplevel widget itself. You have to supply the toplevel widget when you call setupUi(). This is an important point.

One more important semantic detail: the Ui_MyDialog class also creates a Ui namespace, which simply creates an alias for the class. So you can use Ui::MyDialog to refer to the same class.

Now, on to actually using the generated UI in your code. The Qt documentation shows three ways of how to use ui-files; here only the direct approach is discussed. The goal is to create a KDialog which embeds the UI from the ui-file. First, we have to subclass MyDialog from KDialog and add a member variable of type Ui::MyDialog. The header file of "mydialog.h" looks like the following:

#ifndef MYDIALOG_H
#define MYDIALOG_H

#include <KDialog>

// include the automatically generated header file for the ui-file
#include "ui_mydialog.h"

class MyDialog : public KDialog
{
    Q_OBJECT
    public:
        MyDialog( QWidget *parent=0 );
        ~MyDialog();

    private slots:
        void slotButtonClicked();

    private:
        // accessor to the ui. we can access all gui elements
        // specified in Designer. If mydialog.ui contains a
        // button "myButton", we will be able to access it
        // with ui.myButton in the cpp file.
        Ui::MyDialog ui;
};

#endif

Now we are going to look at the implementation of MyDialog, which is in the file "mydialog.cpp".

#include <KLocale>
#include <KMessageBox>

// include the header file of the dialog
#include "mydialog.h"

MyDialog::MyDialog( QWidget *parent )
: KDialog( parent )
{
    QWidget *widget = new QWidget( this );

    // create the user interface, the parent widget is "widget"
    ui.setupUi(widget); // this is the important part

    // set the widget with all its gui elements as the dialog's
    // main widget
    setMainWidget( widget );

    // other KDialog options
    setCaption( i18n("This is my Dialog window!") );
    setButtons( KDialog::Close );

    // Example Signal/Slot connection using widgets in your UI.
    // Note that you have to prepend "ui." when referring
    // to your UI elements.
    connect( ui.myButton, SIGNAL( clicked() ),
             this, SLOT( slotButtonClicked() ) );
}

MyDialog::~MyDialog()
{
}

void MyDialog::slotButtonClicked() 
{
    KMessageBox::information( this, 
                              i18n("You pressed the button!" ),
                              i18n( "Hooray!" ) );
}

#include "mydialog.moc"

So, basically, we create a new Ui::MyDialog and then call ui.setupUi(widget) in the constructor of MyDialog. This places the UI elements into the given widget. Then we set the parent-widget as the KDialog's main widget. We can then interact with all of the UI elements by prepending "ui." to their names, just like it is often done with the prefix "m_".

Final Thoughts

The cascade of files and classes in this tutorial may seem daunting at first, but the naming scheme layed out here has one nice intuitive feature: the source code files that you will be editing directly (either as text or with Designer) are all named with the same scheme:

  • mydialog.ui: the user interface, created with Designer
  • ui_mydialog.h: auto-generated by uic, Qt's user interface compiler
  • mydialog.h/cpp: the dialog implementation

The steps in short are

  1. create mydialog.ui
  2. create mydialog.h/cpp
  3. add variable Ui::MyDialog ui; in mydialog.h
  4. call ui.setupUi(widget);
  5. access the ui elements with ui.

Qt Documentation

The Qt documentation contains a good article about Using a Designer .ui File in Your Application.