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This page is the continuation with more advanced topics of the page [[Get_Involved/development]].
This page is the continuation with more advanced topics of the page [[Get_Involved/development]].


This paged is not meant for people that are starting to program for KDE.
== kde-builder is an alternative to kdesrc-build ==
 
kdesrc-build and kde-builder are two KDE build frameworks. They are used at the command line and have identical command line syntax, just replace the string "kdesrc-build" with "kde-builder". They use the same configuration file, named <code>kdesrc-buildrc</code>.
 
kde-builder is newer and regularly gets new features and is written in Python.
 
kdesrc-build is in maintenance mode and feature frozen and written in Perl.
 
The "how to install kde-builder" procedure is here https://invent.kde.org/sdk/kde-builder/-/blob/master/README.md .


== Develop in a Linux container ==
== Develop in a Linux container ==


When you start programming for KDE, it is recommended that you [[Get_Involved/development|use kdesrc-build in your main operating system or in a virtual machine]] running on a rolling-release Linux distribution (Arch, openSUSE Tumbleweed, KDE neon) or running on e.g. the latest version of Fedora KDE Spin or Kubuntu.
When you start programming for KDE, it is recommended that you [[Get_Involved/development|use kdesrc-build in your main operating system or in a virtual machine]] running on a [[Get_Involved/development#Operating_system|Linux operating system that is better supported by kdesrc-build]].


As an alternative, you can run kdesrc-build in a Linux container (docker, podman, toolbx, distrobox).
As an alternative, you can run kdesrc-build in a Linux container (docker, podman, toolbx, distrobox).
Line 15: Line 23:
=== Option 2. distrobox ===
=== Option 2. distrobox ===


Or, you can just create a long lived (pet not cattle) container using distrobox and podman (or docker). See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9JEALbcmcCg https://github.com/89luca89/distrobox
It is possible to start developing KDE software using container images that are able to see inside your home folder. This can be done using distrobox and podman.


Start with the official Docker hub container image of one of the Linux distributions that is better suited for kdesrc-build. Then setup kdesrc-build in the container. distrobox makes it such that you can run GUI apps in the container. Also, your user's home directory (~) is the same in the host operating system and in the container. Warning: the container will write to your home directory and may conflict with your host operating system.
First, install distrobox and podman from your distribution repositories:


== Other operating systems ==
* Debian/Ubuntu: sudo apt install distrobox podman
* openSUSE: sudo zypper install distrobox podman
* Fedora: sudo dnf install distrobox podman
* Arch: sudo pacman --sync distrobox podman


=== FreeBSD ===
On systems which are designed for you to not tamper with their root files (immutable distributions like openSUSE Kalpa, Fedora Kinoite, and SteamOS on the Steam Deck) you can use an [https://distrobox.it/#alternative-methods official alternative method] to install distrobox:


Install the latest release of FreeBSD with KDE Plasma Desktop on your hardware computer or in a virtual machine. Then set up kdesrc-build using the same procedure as when installing kdesrc-build on a Linux operating system. FreeBSD is currently supported by kdesrc-build. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v2wq0eTnUuc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MT-AN4J-hn8
{{Input|<nowiki>
curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/89luca89/distrobox/main/install | sh -s -- --prefix ~/.local
</nowiki>}}


=== Microsoft Windows ===
On the Steam Deck, you will additionally need to add <tt>~/.local/bin</tt> to the <code>$PATH</code>.


You can build and develop KDE projects using the [[Get_Involved/development/Windows|Microsoft Windows]] operating system.
==== Building without kdesrc-build ====


=== Apple macOS ===
You can build a single repository using the [https://community.kde.org/Neon/Containers KDE Neon Unstable docker image]. We will be using the <code>plasma:unstable</code> image, which comes with the latest KDE software and libraries, and we will be using the minimal version, which requires you to install development libraries before compiling your projects.


You can build and develop KDE projects using the [[Get_Involved/development/Mac|Apple macOS]] operating system.
After installing distrobox and podman, run the following to create a new distrobox container:


== What to do if CMake configure fails because a build dependency is missing ==
{{Input|
podman pull invent-registry.kde.org/neon/docker-images/plasma:unstable
distrobox create --image invent-registry.kde.org/neon/docker-images/plasma:unstable
}}


If you run kdesrc-build in order to build a KDE git repository. And if building fails with a CMake error. Then, that is most often caused by the fact that you do not have installed some binary packages from your Linux OS.
This will create a distrobox container named '''plasma-unstable'''.


See below for some ideas about how to find out what Linux packages you need to install.
{{Note|The plasma:unstable image size is 5.6 GB.}}


=== Debian/Kubuntu/KDE neon ===
Lastly, enter the generated container:


E.g. I am on Kubuntu 22.10, <code>kdesrc-build frameworks</code> fails, module <code>kcoreaddons</code> has CMake (configure) error <code>Could NOT find Qt6LinguistTools (missing: Qt6LinguistTools_DIR)</code>.
{{Input|
distrobox enter plasma-unstable
}}


Option 1:
You can then just clone the desired repository in your home folder and build it while being inside the container. If any development libraries are missing, you can just install them the same way you would install on Debian/Ubuntu/KDE Neon:


Search on the internet for <code>ubuntu packages Qt6LinguistTools</code> it returns https://packages.ubuntu.com/kinetic/amd64/qt6-tools-dev Expand "amd64 [list of files]": <code>/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/cmake/Qt6LinguistTools/Qt6LinguistToolsConfig.cmake</code>
{{Input|
sudo apt install packagename-dev
}}


{{Input|1=<nowiki>
You can also use <code>build-dep</code> to let apt install the required libraries for the program you will be compiling. For example, to install the development libraries for Kate, you can run:
sudo apt install qt6-tools-dev
</nowiki>}}


Option 2:
{{Input|
{{Input|1=<nowiki>
sudo apt-get build-dep kate
sudo apt install apt-file
}}
sudo apt-file update
apt-file find Qt6LinguistToolsConfig.cmake
# qt6-tools-dev: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/cmake/Qt6LinguistTools/Qt6LinguistToolsConfig.cmake
sudo apt install qt6-tools-dev
</nowiki>}}


If the error is:
==== Building with kdesrc-build ====
{{Input|1=<nowiki>
The imported target "Qt6::qtwaylandscanner" references the file
    "/usr/lib/qt6/libexec/qtwaylandscanner"
but this file does not exist.
</nowiki>}}


Then:
First, install distrobox and podman from your distribution repositories. Then run:
{{Input|1=<nowiki>
apt-file find /usr/lib/qt6/libexec/qtwaylandscanner
# qt6-wayland-dev-tools: /usr/lib/qt6/libexec/qtwaylandscanner
sudo apt install qt6-wayland-dev-tools
</nowiki>}}


Option 3:
{{Input|
{{Input|1=<nowiki>
distrobox enter
apt search linguist | grep qt6
}}
# linguist-qt6/kinetic 6.3.1-2 amd64
sudo apt install linguist-qt6
</nowiki>}}


=== Fedora ===
This should create a container based on your current Linux OS and enter it. It is preferable to use one of the Linux distributions that is better suited for kdesrc-build, as mentioned [[Get_Involved/development#Operating_system|in this wiki page]], so if your distribution does not provide very up-to-date packages, you can download and use a different container image for your distrobox from [https://hub.docker.com/search?type=image Dockerhub]. For example, with openSUSE Tumbleweed:


<code>sudo dnf provides "NameOrPathOfFileThatIsMissing"</code>
{{Input|
podman pull opensuse/tumbleweed
distrobox create --image opensuse/tumbleweed --name tumbleweed
distrobox enter tumbleweed
}}


See https://invent.kde.org/redstrate/cmake-package-installer/-/blob/master/src/main.rs
Then it's a matter of downloading and running kdesrc-build as detailed in [https://develop.kde.org/docs/getting-started/building/kdesrc-build-setup/ Set up a development environment]:


== Advanced kdesrc-build ==
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
mkdir -p ~/.local/share/
cd ~/.local/share
git clone https://invent.kde.org/sdk/kdesrc-build.git
cd kdesrc-build
./kdesrc-build --initial-setup
mkdir -p ~/.local/bin
ln -sf ~/.local/share/kdesrc-build/kdesrc-build ~/.local/bin
</syntaxhighlight>


After you have edited a git repository and you want to build it, <code>--no-src</code> will make sure that <code>kdesrc-build</code> does not overwrite your changes with the latest source code from the official git repository (remote "origin" / https://invent/kde.org).
From this point on, one important thing to bear in mind is that a distrobox container is transparent in its user space and containerized in its root space: when you are inside a distrobox container, you can see the content of system's home folder, but not your system's root folders, only the container's root folders. This means that you can install packages inside the container using root privileges and access those packages to compile your programs stored in your home, without ever installing those packages in your actual system!


<code>--no-include-dependencies</code> only builds the git repository that you give as parameter to <code>kdesrc-build</code>.
You can take advantage of this by installing, for instance, Qt development packages used for kdesrc-build from inside the container. This way, it is not necessary to compile Qt with kdesrc-build. This is particularly convenient if you want to compile KDE software with Qt6 quickly.


<code>--debug</code> shows verbose output.
Likewise, you should [https://community.kde.org/Get_Involved/development/Install_the_dependencies install the required dependencies] from inside the distrobox rather than from your system's repositories. Then you can start compiling as usual.


<code>--refresh-build</code> forces a rebuild (not an incremental build) and a full reinstall.
After compiling your program with kdesrc-build from inside the distrobox, you can run it with <code>kdesrc-build run</code>, and despite it originating from inside a container and using the libraries from the container, it will run just fine as a GUI application on your system!


E.g. you have edited kcalc. You run:
{{Note|If you are on an X11 session, you will need to create the file <tt>~/.config/distrobox/distrobox.conf</tt> and add <code>xhost +si:localuser:$USER</code> to it in order for distrobox to be able to run graphical applications.}}
<pre>
kdesrc-build kcalc --no-src --no-include-dependencies --refresh-build --debug |& tee ~/a.txt
</pre>


For details, see:
The only few gotchas to using this method are:
<pre>
kdesrc-build --help
</pre>


Note: the resources below might not be up to date.
* You cannot use a [https://develop.kde.org/docs/getting-started/building/kdesrc-build-compile/#plasma full Plasma Desktop session] made from git.
* You will need qqc2-desktop-style and Breeze to show the correct theme for your applications.
* You will need the QtWayland library and its respective development package to run your applications natively on a Wayland session.


See the [https://docs.kde.org/trunk5/en/kdesrc-build/kdesrc-build/ kdesrc-build manual], [https://invent.kde.org/sdk/kdesrc-build/-/blob/master/README.md Readme #1], [https://invent.kde.org/sdk/kdesrc-build/-/blob/master/doc/README.md Readme #2], [https://invent.kde.org/sdk/kdesrc-build/-/blob/master/doc/source-reference/index.adoc Document #3] for more kdesrc-build information and options.
== Other operating systems ==


== Build Qt using kdesrc-build ==
=== Kubuntu >= 23.10 ===


Set up kdesrc-build from scratch as usual.
The default configuration of kdesrc-build requires Qt version 6.6. Kubuntu 23.10 has Qt version 6.4.2. It is recommended that you use a [[Get_Involved/development#Operating_system|Linux OS that is better supported by kdesrc-build]].


Open the configuration file <code>~/.config/kdesrc-buildrc</code> and confirm that <code>qtdir</code> and the lines <code>include...qt5-build-include</code> and <code>include...custom-qt5-libs-build-include</code> are not commented out (i.e. there should not be a <code>#</code> in front of the lines). E.g. (replace "username" with your Linux user's name):
If you are a more seasoned developer you might be able to use Kubuntu for kdesrc-build by [[Get_Involved/development/More#Qt_6_installed_using_the_Qt_online_installer|installing Qt6 using the Qt online installer]] or by [[Get_Involved/development/More#Build_Qt_using_kdesrc-build|building Qt6 using kdesrc-build]].


{{Input|1=<nowiki>
=== FreeBSD ===
qtdir ~/kde/usr # Where to make install Qt5
include /home/username/kde/src/kdesrc-build/qt5-build-include
include /home/username/kde/src/kdesrc-build/custom-qt5-libs-build-include
</nowiki>}}


Run in a terminal:
Install the latest release of FreeBSD with KDE Plasma Desktop on your hardware computer or in a virtual machine.


{{Input|1=<nowiki>
Your user should be member of the "wheel" user group (e.g. this can be configured in the FreeBSD installer, when creating your user you can select additional user groups for your user). Your user should be able to use sudo:
kdesrc-build Qt5
kdesrc-build frameworks
</nowiki>}}


== kdesrc-build, Qt6 and KDE Frameworks 6 ==
<pre>
pkg install sudo
visudo
# Uncomment the line: %wheel ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
</pre>


Set up kdesrc-build clean from scratch following the same procedure as when using "Qt5 and KDE Frameworks 5". Before building anything using kdesrc-build, do:
Then set up kdesrc-build using the same procedure as when installing kdesrc-build on a Linux operating system. FreeBSD is currently supported by kdesrc-build. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8MqBnb3Y9JU


{{Input|1=<nowiki>
=== OpenBSD >= 7.5 ===
sed -i 's/kf5-common/kf6-common/' ~/.config/kdesrc-buildrc
sed -i 's/kf5-qt5/kf6-qt6/' ~/.config/kdesrc-buildrc
</nowiki>}}


The file <code>~/.config/kdesrc-buildrc</code> should contain the not commented out lines:
Install OpenBSD version greater than or equal to 7.5. In the installer keep the defaults, the user created by the installer is named "administrator" in this example.
<pre>
# Enable doas
su -
cp /etc/examples/doas.conf /etc/doas.conf
exit
# kdesrc-build needs sudo.
mkdir -p ~/.local/bin ; ln -s /usr/bin/doas ~/.local/bin/sudo
echo "export PATH=~/.local/bin:\$PATH" >> ~/.bashrc


{{Input|1=<nowiki>
# Test doas.
include /home/username/kde/src/kdesrc-build/kf6-common-options-build-include
doas su
...
# kde-builder needs bash.
include /home/username/kde/src/kdesrc-build/kf6-qt6-build-include
pkg_add bash
</nowiki>}}
chsh -s /usr/local/bin/bash
exit


In the file <code>~/.config/kdesrc-buildrc</code>, in the "global" section, the line "cmake-options" should contain "-DBUILD_WITH_QT6=ON".
# As user administrator
chsh -s /usr/local/bin/bash


Then build KDE Frameworks 6:
# As per https://rsadowski.de/posts/2024-01-09-openbsd-kde/ , https://openports.pl/path/meta/kde,-plasma
doas su
pkg_add kde-plasma kate


{{Input|1=<nowiki>
# I recommend that you use tigervnc. https://nmariusp.github.io/install-os.html#openbsd--75
kdesrc-build frameworks
</pre>
</nowiki>}}


Note: <code>kdesrc-build --initial-setup</code> does not install the packages needed for building with kdesrc-build "Qt6 and KDE Frameworks 6". The instructions on [[Guidelines and HOWTOs/Build from source/Install the dependencies|how to install the dependencies]] are for "Qt5 and KDE Frameworks 5" only, they do not work for "Qt6 and KDE Frameworks 6". Therefore many kdesrc-build modules will fail to build because of missing dependencies (CMake errors).
After you install kdesrc-build:
<pre>
# Edit the kdesrc-buildrc file e.g.:
cmake-options -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RelWithDebInfo -DKF_IGNORE_PLATFORM_CHECK=ON


=== Ubuntu ===
# Also set environment variable:
export CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/usr/local/lib/qt6/cmake
# Or
export CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/usr/local/lib/qt5/cmake
</pre>


{{Input|1=<nowiki>
=== Microsoft Windows ===
sudo apt install qt6-tools-dev qt6-declarative-dev libqt6core5compat6-dev qt6-wayland-dev qt6-wayland-dev-tools qt6-base-private-dev libqt6svg6-dev libqt6opengl6-dev libqt6shadertools6-dev
</nowiki>}}


== Build Qt6 using kdesrc-build ==
You can build and develop KDE projects using the [[Get_Involved/development/Windows|Microsoft Windows]] operating system.


A screen recording version is available https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TDzX0376QyA
=== Apple macOS ===


Note: If you cannot build the KDE frameworks using kdesrc-build and using the Qt6 provided by your OS (Linux distribution). Because the Qt6 is not complete. You might want to build Qt6 using kdesrc-build.
You can build and develop KDE projects using the [[Get_Involved/development/Mac|Apple macOS]] operating system.


Note: Building Qt6 using kdesrc-build is an advanced topic.
== What to do if CMake configure fails because a build dependency is missing ==


Set up kdesrc-build clean from scratch following the same procedure as when using "Qt5 and KDE Frameworks 5".  
See https://community.kde.org/Get_Involved/development/Install_the_dependencies .


{{Input|1=<nowiki>
== Project Documentation ==
Edit two files:


cat ~/.config/kdesrc-buildrc
* [https://docs.kde.org/trunk5/en/kdesrc-build/kdesrc-build/ Handbook]
# This file controls options to apply when configuring/building modules, and
* [https://invent.kde.org/sdk/kdesrc-build/-/blob/master/README.md Readme #1]
# controls which modules are built in the first place.
* [https://invent.kde.org/sdk/kdesrc-build/-/blob/master/doc/README.md Readme #2]
# List of all options: https://docs.kde.org/trunk5/en/kdesrc-build/kdesrc-build/conf-options-table.html


global
Developer's documentation can be found in the {{ic|doc/source-reference}} in the project repo.
    branch-group kf6-qt6


    # Finds and includes *KDE*-based dependencies into the build. This makes
== kf6-qt6 vs. kf5-qt5 ==
    # it easier to ensure that you have all the modules needed, but the
    # dependencies are not very fine-grained so this can result in quite a few
    # modules being installed that you didn't need.
    include-dependencies true


    # Install directory for KDE software
Many KDE git repositories can build correctly and run correctly using "kdesrc-build kf6-qt6".
    kdedir ~/kde/usr


    # Directory for downloaded source code
The KDE git repositories that can build correctly and run correctly using "kdesrc-build kf6-qt6" have two long lived git branches:
    source-dir ~/kde/src


    # Directory to build KDE into before installing
* A long lived git branch that does not contain the deprecated symbols from kf5-qt5, named e.g. "master".
    # relative to source-dir by default
* And another long lived git branch for qt5-kf5, where the deprecated symbols still exist.
    build-dir ~/kde/build


    qtdir  ~/kde/usr # Where to install Qt5 if kdesrc-build supplies it
What is "kf6-qt6"? You just set up kdesrc-build following the procedure. The resulting kdesrc-build installation will be of type kf6-qt6. In kdesrc-buildrc in the "global" section you will have "branch-group kf6-qt6". The git repositories that have only one long lived git branch e.g. named "master" will use that. The git repositories that have a second long lived git branch, will use the git branch where the deprecated symbols do not exist e.g. named "master".


    cmake-options -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DBUILD_WITH_QT6=ON
What is "kf5-qt5"? Follow the chapter "kdesrc-build Qt5". The resulting kdesrc-build installation will be of type kf5-qt5. In kdesrc-buildrc in the "global" section you will have "branch-group kf5-qt5". The git repositories that have only one long lived git branch e.g. named "master" will use that. The git repositories that have a second long lived git branch where the deprecated symbols still exist e.g. named "kf5" will use that.


    # kdesrc-build sets 2 options which is used in options like make-options or set-env
== Build Qt using kdesrc-build ==
    # to help manage the number of compile jobs that happen during a build:
    #
    # 1. num-cores, which is just the number of detected CPU cores, and can be passed
    #    to tools like make (needed for parallel build) or ninja (completely optional).
    #
    # 2. num-cores-low-mem, which is set to largest value that appears safe for
    #    particularly heavyweight modules based on total memory, intended for
    #    modules like qtwebengine
    num-cores 16
    num-cores-low-mem 12


    # kdesrc-build can install a sample .xsession file for "Custom"
=== Qt6 ===
    # (or "XSession") logins,
If you cannot build the KDE frameworks using {{ic|kdesrc-build}} and the Qt provided by your Linux distribution is outdated, you might want to build the Qt framework using {{ic|kdesrc-build}}.
    install-session-driver false


    # or add a environment variable-setting script to
In your configuration file use the {{ic|qt-install-dir}} option (in the ''global'' section) with non-empty value, for example:
    # ~/.config/kde-env-master.sh
    install-environment-driver true


    # Stop the build process on the first failure
{{bc|
    stop-on-failure true
global
 
  qt-install-dir ~/kde/usr
    # Use a flat folder layout under ~/kde/src and ~/kde/build
  branch-group kf6-qt6
    # rather than nested directories
    directory-layout flat
 
    # Build with LSP support for everything that supports it
    compile-commands-linking true
    compile-commands-export true
 
    git-repository-base qt6-copy https://invent.kde.org/qt/qt/
end global
end global
}}


# With base options set, the remainder of the file is used to define modules to build, in the
It is recommended that if you build Qt6 using kdesrc-build, you also build qtwebengine. Edit the file {{ic|~/.local/state/sysadmin-repo-metadata/module-definitions/qt6.ksb}}. Follow the instructions found in the file: if you want qtwebengine, add it to use-modules after "qtwebchannel" and comment out the line "ignore-modules qtwebengine".
# desired order, and set any module-specific options.
#
# Modules may be grouped into sets, and this is the normal practice.
#
# You can include other files inline using the "include" command. We do this here
# to include files which are updated with kdesrc-build.


# Common options that should be set for some KDE modules no matter how
Then build Qt6: {{bc|kdesrc-build qt6-set}}
# kdesrc-build finds them. Do not comment these out unless you know
# what you are doing.
include /home/username/kde/src/kdesrc-build/kf6-common-options-build-include


# Qt and some Qt-using middleware libraries. Uncomment if your distribution's Qt
To compile Qt6 with Qt X11 Extras (which is a necessary library to compile [https://api.kde.org/frameworks/kwindowsystem/html/ KWindowSystem]), you should enable XCB feature during compilation
# tools are too old but be warned that Qt take a long time to build!
include /home/username/kde/src/kdesrc-build/qt6-build-include
include /home/username/kde/src/kdesrc-build/custom-qt6-libs-build-include


# KF5 and Plasma :)
{{bc|1=kdesrc-build qt6-set --cmake-options="-DQT_FEATURE_xcb=ON"}}
#include /home/username/kde/src/kdesrc-build/kf6-qt6-build-include


# To change options for modules that have already been defined, use an
=== Qt5 ===
# 'options' block. See kf6-common-options-build-include for an example
If you want the same for Qt5, change {{ic|branch-group}} option and use {{ic|qt5-set}} instead of {{ic|qt6-set}}.


cat ~/kde/src/kdesrc-build/qt6-build-include
== Qt 6 installed using the Qt online installer ==
# Downloads and installs Qt6 from the KDE mirror, using Qt6's CMake support
# exclusively.  Consider this an unofficial build that won't be supported by Qt
# upstream since we don't go through the init-repository script.
# It is probably better to install from your local distribution devel packages
# if possible!
module-set qt6-set
    override-build-system qt6 # technically optional for now


    repository qt6-copy # as defined in kdesrc-buildrc-kf6-sample
A screen recording version is available https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3BIbYN2vIZw
    branch    6.4


    # Controls where Qt6 is installed
The homepage of the Qt Framework is https://www.qt.io . Go to this web page, create an online account. https://www.qt.io/download-open-source > "Download the Qt Online Installer" > Linux > "Qt Online Installer for Linux (64-bit)" > download a file named e.g. qt-unified-linux-x64-4.6.1-online.run into the directory e.g. "~/Downloads".
    prefix ${qtdir}


    # These have been manually placed in dependency order based on the
<pre>
    # .gitmodules file in https://code.qt.io/cgit/qt/qt5.git/tree/.gitmodules
ls -la ~/Downloads # The downloaded file needs to have the "executable" chmod bit set.
    # in "essential" or "addons" categories with some additions
chmod u+x ~/Downloads/qt-unified-linux-x64-4.6.1-online.run
    # qtdoc should be last to give it best opportunity to make needed docs
~/Downloads/qt-unified-linux-x64-4.6.1-online.run
    use-modules qtbase qtshadertools qtdeclarative qtsvg qttools \
</pre>
        qtimageformats qtmultimedia qtwayland                    \
        qtwebsockets qtwebchannel qtwebengine qtwebview qtsensors            \
        qtnetworkauth qt5compat qtdoc


    # if you want qtwebengine, add it to use-modules after "qtwebchannel" and
A graphical user interface (GUI) installer wizard starts. Login using your Qt online account. Next > check the checkbox "I have read and agree to the terms and conditions of using OpenSource Qt", check the checkbox "I'm an individual and do not use Qt for any company" > Next > Next > enable "Help us improve" > Next > Custom installation, notice that the install directory is "~/Qt" > Next. Install the latest version of Qt6 and the latest version of the Qt Creator integrated development environment (IDE). There are some Qt6 components that are not used by KDE and can be left out when installing Qt6 e.g. Qt Design Studio, WebAssembly, Android, Sources, Qt Quick 3D, Qt 3D, Qt Quick 3D Physics, "Qt Debug Information Files". Next > enable "I have read and agree" > Next > Install.
    # comment this out. Note qtwebengine has significant and different build
    # requirements of its own.
    #ignore-modules qtwebengine


    # Archiving API requires zstd support which may not be present in your CMake
In the KDE Plasma app launcher (start menu) you now have the application "Qt Maintenance Tool".
    cmake-options -DQT_BUILD_TESTS=FALSE -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RelWithDebInfo \
                  -DQT_AVOID_CMAKE_ARCHIVING_API=TRUE


    cmake-generator Ninja # comment out if you want the default CMake generator
Set up kdesrc-build from scratch as usual.
end module-set


options qtwebengine
Edit the file kdesrc-buildrc to look like:
    # qtwebengine build system is weird, involving make as the top-level driver
    # and then calling ninja for the bulk of the build.  qtwebengine is a bulky
    # module and having ninja use all cores at once may run out of memory if
    # not careful, so we use make to pass less aggressive Ninja flags.
    # num-cores-low-mem needs to be defined in your kdesrc-buildrc.
    make-options NINJAFLAGS=-j${num-cores-low-mem}
end options


# vim: set ft=kdesrc-buildrc:
<pre>
global
...
    qt-install-dir  ~/Qt/6.7.0/gcc_64 # Where to install Qt6 if kdesrc-build supplies it
    libname lib
...
end global
</pre>


</nowiki>}}
== Two independent kdesrc-build configurations: kf6-qt6 and kf5-qt5 ==


== What is the command line of the processes started by kdesrc-build ==
You can switch between configurations with {{ic|--rc-file}} command line option. Generate another config, make the changes for the {{ic|source-dir}}, {{ic|build-dir}}, {{ic|install-dir}},
and other changes you want. Make sure you use different value for {{ic|persistent-data-file}} option, to not mix things up.


E.g. what are the command lines that are run by kdesrc-build in order to run the CMake configure step for the kconfig KDE git repository?
As an alternative, you can utilize custom variable to make switch from a single config:


{{Input|1=<nowiki>
{{bc-hl|shell|
kdesrc-build kconfig --no-src --no-include-dependencies --debug --refresh-build |& tee ~/a.txt
global
kate ~/a.txt &
    _ver 5  # <-- Change this to switch
</nowiki>}}
    source-dir ~/kde${_ver}/src
    build-dir ~/kde${_ver}/build
    install-dir ~/kde${_ver}/usr
    persistent-data-file ~/kde${_ver}/persistent-options.json
end global


Returns:
include ~/.local/share/kdesrc-build/data/build-include/kf${_ver}-qt${_ver}.ksb
}}


{{Input|1=<nowiki>
== Other CPU architectures than x86_64/amd64 and x86 ==
Building kconfig (build system KDE CMake) from frameworks (1/1)
Queueing PKG_CONFIG_PATH to be set to /home/username/kde/usr/lib/pkgconfig
Queueing LD_LIBRARY_PATH to be set to /home/username/kde/usr/lib
Queueing PATH to be set to /home/username/kde/usr/bin:/home/username/kde/src/kdesrc-build:/home/username/.local/bin:/home/username/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin
Not prepending /home/username/kde/usr/lib/pkgconfig to PKG_CONFIG_PATH as it appears to already be defined in PKG_CONFIG_PATH.
Queueing PKG_CONFIG_PATH to be set to /home/username/kde/usr/lib/pkgconfig
Not prepending /home/username/kde/usr/lib to LD_LIBRARY_PATH as it appears to already be defined in LD_LIBRARY_PATH.
Queueing LD_LIBRARY_PATH to be set to /home/username/kde/usr/lib
Not prepending /home/username/kde/usr/bin to PATH as it appears to already be defined in PATH.
Queueing PATH to be set to /home/username/kde/usr/bin:/home/username/kde/src/kdesrc-build:/home/username/.local/bin:/home/username/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin
Queueing CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH to be set to /home/username/kde/usr
Queueing CMAKE_MODULE_PATH to be set to /home/username/kde/usr/lib64/cmake:/home/username/kde/usr/lib/cmake
Queueing XDG_DATA_DIRS to be set to /home/username/kde/usr/share:/usr/share/plasma:/home/username/.local/share/flatpak/exports/share:/var/lib/flatpak/exports/share:/usr/local/share:/usr/share:/var/lib/snapd/desktop
Source update complete for kconfig: Skipped
cd /home/username/kde/build


Preparing build system for kconfig.
You can build and develop KDE projects using a Linux OS installed on an  [[Get_Involved/development/ARM|ARM]] architecture CPU.
Removing files in build directory for kconfig
Old build system cleaned, starting new build system.
cd /home/username/kde/build/kconfig


Running cmake targeting Unix Makefiles...
== kdesrc-build issues ==
run_logged_p(): Module kconfig, Command: {'cmake', '-B', '.', '-S', '/home/username/kde/src/kconfig', '-G', 'Unix Makefiles', '-DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS:BOOL=ON', '-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug', '-DQT_MAJOR_VERSION=6', '-DBUILD_WITH_QT6=ON', '-DBUILD_TESTING=TRUE', '-DBUILD_WITH_QT6=ON', '-DEXCLUDE_DEPRECATED_BEFORE_AND_AT=5.99.0', '-DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS:STRING=-pipe', '-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/home/username/kde/usr'} from /home/username/kde/build/kconfig
cd /home/username/kde/build/kconfig


log_command(): Module kconfig, Command: cmake -B . -S /home/username/kde/src/kconfig -G Unix Makefiles -DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS:BOOL=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DQT_MAJOR_VERSION=6 -DBUILD_WITH_QT6=ON -DBUILD_TESTING=TRUE -DBUILD_WITH_QT6=ON -DEXCLUDE_DEPRECATED_BEFORE_AND_AT=5.99.0 -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS:STRING=-pipe -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/home/username/kde/usr
See https://community.kde.org/Get_Involved/development/Install_the_dependencies
run_logged_p(): kconfig cmake complete: 0
</nowiki>}}


Therefore, kdesrc-build has run the following commands:
=== wayland-protocols is too old, e.g. "kdesrc-build kidletime" fails ===


{{Input|1=<nowiki>
<pre>
# Preparing build system for kconfig. Removing files in build directory for kconfig. Old build system cleaned, starting new build system.
mkdir -p ~/kde/misc && cd ~/kde/misc
rm -rf /home/username/kde/build/kconfig
wget https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/wayland/wayland-protocols/-/releases/1.31/downloads/wayland-protocols-1.31.tar.xz
mkdir -p /home/username/kde/build/kconfig
tar -xJvf wayland-protocols-*.tar.xz && mv wayland-protocols-*/ wayland-protocols
cd wayland-protocols
meson setup builddir --prefix $HOME/kde/usr
meson compile -C builddir
meson install -C builddir
</pre>


# Queueing X to be set to ...
=== "kdesrc-build kpat" fails because of black-hole-solitaire ===
PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/home/username/kde/usr/lib/pkgconfig
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/username/kde/usr/lib
PATH=/home/username/kde/usr/bin:/home/username/kde/src/kdesrc-build:/home/username/.local/bin:/home/username/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin
CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/home/username/kde/usr
CMAKE_MODULE_PATH=/home/username/kde/usr/lib64/cmake:/home/username/kde/usr/lib/cmake
XDG_DATA_DIRS=/home/username/kde/usr/share:/usr/share/plasma:/home/username/.local/share/flatpak/exports/share:/var/lib/flatpak/exports/share:/usr/local/share:/usr/share:/var/lib/snapd/desktop


cd /home/username/kde/build/kconfig
This happens on Debian/Ubuntu/Kubuntu. Because there is no Linux distribution binary package for https://github.com/shlomif/black-hole-solitaire.


cmake -B . -S /home/username/kde/src/kconfig -G Unix\ Makefiles -DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS:BOOL=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DQT_MAJOR_VERSION=6 -DBUILD_WITH_QT6=ON -DBUILD_TESTING=TRUE -DBUILD_WITH_QT6=ON -DEXCLUDE_DEPRECATED_BEFORE_AND_AT=5.99.0 -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS:STRING=-pipe -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/home/username/kde/usr
Solution: append at the end of kdesrc-buildrc file:
</nowiki>}}
<pre>
options kpat
    cmake-options -DWITH_BH_SOLVER=OFF
end options
</pre>


== Other CPU architectures than x86_64/amd64 and x86 ==
=== libdisplay-info is not available ===


You can build and develop KDE projects using a Linux OS installed on an  [[Get_Involved/development/ARM|ARM]] architecture CPU.
If your Linux OS does not have a package for libdisplay-info.
Append at the end of the file <code>kdesrc-buildrc</code>:
<pre>
module libdisplay-info
  repository https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/emersion/libdisplay-info.git
end module
</pre>

Latest revision as of 00:49, 19 April 2024

This page is the continuation with more advanced topics of the page Get_Involved/development.

kde-builder is an alternative to kdesrc-build

kdesrc-build and kde-builder are two KDE build frameworks. They are used at the command line and have identical command line syntax, just replace the string "kdesrc-build" with "kde-builder". They use the same configuration file, named kdesrc-buildrc.

kde-builder is newer and regularly gets new features and is written in Python.

kdesrc-build is in maintenance mode and feature frozen and written in Perl.

The "how to install kde-builder" procedure is here https://invent.kde.org/sdk/kde-builder/-/blob/master/README.md .

Develop in a Linux container

When you start programming for KDE, it is recommended that you use kdesrc-build in your main operating system or in a virtual machine running on a Linux operating system that is better supported by kdesrc-build.

As an alternative, you can run kdesrc-build in a Linux container (docker, podman, toolbx, distrobox).

Option 1. The KDE PIM Docker image

You can install Docker and the KDE PIM Docker image. It provides a development environment that is isolated from your day-to-day system. It is based on KDE Neon Unstable.

Option 2. distrobox

It is possible to start developing KDE software using container images that are able to see inside your home folder. This can be done using distrobox and podman.

First, install distrobox and podman from your distribution repositories:

  • Debian/Ubuntu: sudo apt install distrobox podman
  • openSUSE: sudo zypper install distrobox podman
  • Fedora: sudo dnf install distrobox podman
  • Arch: sudo pacman --sync distrobox podman

On systems which are designed for you to not tamper with their root files (immutable distributions like openSUSE Kalpa, Fedora Kinoite, and SteamOS on the Steam Deck) you can use an official alternative method to install distrobox: 

curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/89luca89/distrobox/main/install | sh -s -- --prefix ~/.local

On the Steam Deck, you will additionally need to add ~/.local/bin to the $PATH.

Building without kdesrc-build

You can build a single repository using the KDE Neon Unstable docker image. We will be using the plasma:unstable image, which comes with the latest KDE software and libraries, and we will be using the minimal version, which requires you to install development libraries before compiling your projects.

After installing distrobox and podman, run the following to create a new distrobox container: 

podman pull invent-registry.kde.org/neon/docker-images/plasma:unstable
distrobox create --image invent-registry.kde.org/neon/docker-images/plasma:unstable

This will create a distrobox container named plasma-unstable.

Note

The plasma:unstable image size is 5.6 GB.


Lastly, enter the generated container: 

distrobox enter plasma-unstable

You can then just clone the desired repository in your home folder and build it while being inside the container. If any development libraries are missing, you can just install them the same way you would install on Debian/Ubuntu/KDE Neon: 

sudo apt install packagename-dev

You can also use build-dep to let apt install the required libraries for the program you will be compiling. For example, to install the development libraries for Kate, you can run: 

sudo apt-get build-dep kate

Building with kdesrc-build

First, install distrobox and podman from your distribution repositories. Then run: 

distrobox enter

This should create a container based on your current Linux OS and enter it. It is preferable to use one of the Linux distributions that is better suited for kdesrc-build, as mentioned in this wiki page, so if your distribution does not provide very up-to-date packages, you can download and use a different container image for your distrobox from Dockerhub. For example, with openSUSE Tumbleweed: 

podman pull opensuse/tumbleweed
distrobox create --image opensuse/tumbleweed --name tumbleweed
distrobox enter tumbleweed

Then it's a matter of downloading and running kdesrc-build as detailed in Set up a development environment: 

mkdir -p ~/.local/share/
cd ~/.local/share
git clone https://invent.kde.org/sdk/kdesrc-build.git
cd kdesrc-build
./kdesrc-build --initial-setup
mkdir -p ~/.local/bin
ln -sf ~/.local/share/kdesrc-build/kdesrc-build ~/.local/bin

From this point on, one important thing to bear in mind is that a distrobox container is transparent in its user space and containerized in its root space: when you are inside a distrobox container, you can see the content of system's home folder, but not your system's root folders, only the container's root folders. This means that you can install packages inside the container using root privileges and access those packages to compile your programs stored in your home, without ever installing those packages in your actual system!

You can take advantage of this by installing, for instance, Qt development packages used for kdesrc-build from inside the container. This way, it is not necessary to compile Qt with kdesrc-build. This is particularly convenient if you want to compile KDE software with Qt6 quickly.

Likewise, you should install the required dependencies from inside the distrobox rather than from your system's repositories. Then you can start compiling as usual.

After compiling your program with kdesrc-build from inside the distrobox, you can run it with kdesrc-build run, and despite it originating from inside a container and using the libraries from the container, it will run just fine as a GUI application on your system!

Note

If you are on an X11 session, you will need to create the file ~/.config/distrobox/distrobox.conf and add xhost +si:localuser:$USER to it in order for distrobox to be able to run graphical applications.


The only few gotchas to using this method are:

  • You cannot use a full Plasma Desktop session made from git.
  • You will need qqc2-desktop-style and Breeze to show the correct theme for your applications.
  • You will need the QtWayland library and its respective development package to run your applications natively on a Wayland session.

Other operating systems

Kubuntu >= 23.10

The default configuration of kdesrc-build requires Qt version 6.6. Kubuntu 23.10 has Qt version 6.4.2. It is recommended that you use a Linux OS that is better supported by kdesrc-build.

If you are a more seasoned developer you might be able to use Kubuntu for kdesrc-build by installing Qt6 using the Qt online installer or by building Qt6 using kdesrc-build.

FreeBSD

Install the latest release of FreeBSD with KDE Plasma Desktop on your hardware computer or in a virtual machine.

Your user should be member of the "wheel" user group (e.g. this can be configured in the FreeBSD installer, when creating your user you can select additional user groups for your user). Your user should be able to use sudo: 

pkg install sudo
visudo
# Uncomment the line: %wheel ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

Then set up kdesrc-build using the same procedure as when installing kdesrc-build on a Linux operating system. FreeBSD is currently supported by kdesrc-build. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8MqBnb3Y9JU

OpenBSD >= 7.5

Install OpenBSD version greater than or equal to 7.5. In the installer keep the defaults, the user created by the installer is named "administrator" in this example. 

# Enable doas
su -
cp /etc/examples/doas.conf /etc/doas.conf
exit
# kdesrc-build needs sudo.
mkdir -p ~/.local/bin ; ln -s /usr/bin/doas ~/.local/bin/sudo
echo "export PATH=~/.local/bin:\$PATH" >> ~/.bashrc

# Test doas.
doas su
# kde-builder needs bash.
pkg_add bash
chsh -s /usr/local/bin/bash
exit

# As user administrator
chsh -s /usr/local/bin/bash

# As per https://rsadowski.de/posts/2024-01-09-openbsd-kde/ , https://openports.pl/path/meta/kde,-plasma
doas su
pkg_add kde-plasma kate

# I recommend that you use tigervnc. https://nmariusp.github.io/install-os.html#openbsd--75

After you install kdesrc-build: 

# Edit the kdesrc-buildrc file e.g.:
cmake-options -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RelWithDebInfo -DKF_IGNORE_PLATFORM_CHECK=ON

# Also set environment variable:
export CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/usr/local/lib/qt6/cmake
# Or
export CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/usr/local/lib/qt5/cmake

Microsoft Windows

You can build and develop KDE projects using the Microsoft Windows operating system.

Apple macOS

You can build and develop KDE projects using the Apple macOS operating system.

What to do if CMake configure fails because a build dependency is missing

See https://community.kde.org/Get_Involved/development/Install_the_dependencies .

Project Documentation

Developer's documentation can be found in the doc/source-reference in the project repo.

kf6-qt6 vs. kf5-qt5

Many KDE git repositories can build correctly and run correctly using "kdesrc-build kf6-qt6".

The KDE git repositories that can build correctly and run correctly using "kdesrc-build kf6-qt6" have two long lived git branches:

  • A long lived git branch that does not contain the deprecated symbols from kf5-qt5, named e.g. "master".
  • And another long lived git branch for qt5-kf5, where the deprecated symbols still exist.

What is "kf6-qt6"? You just set up kdesrc-build following the procedure. The resulting kdesrc-build installation will be of type kf6-qt6. In kdesrc-buildrc in the "global" section you will have "branch-group kf6-qt6". The git repositories that have only one long lived git branch e.g. named "master" will use that. The git repositories that have a second long lived git branch, will use the git branch where the deprecated symbols do not exist e.g. named "master".

What is "kf5-qt5"? Follow the chapter "kdesrc-build Qt5". The resulting kdesrc-build installation will be of type kf5-qt5. In kdesrc-buildrc in the "global" section you will have "branch-group kf5-qt5". The git repositories that have only one long lived git branch e.g. named "master" will use that. The git repositories that have a second long lived git branch where the deprecated symbols still exist e.g. named "kf5" will use that.

Build Qt using kdesrc-build

Qt6

If you cannot build the KDE frameworks using kdesrc-build and the Qt provided by your Linux distribution is outdated, you might want to build the Qt framework using kdesrc-build.

In your configuration file use the qt-install-dir option (in the global section) with non-empty value, for example: 

global
  qt-install-dir ~/kde/usr
  branch-group kf6-qt6
end global

It is recommended that if you build Qt6 using kdesrc-build, you also build qtwebengine. Edit the file ~/.local/state/sysadmin-repo-metadata/module-definitions/qt6.ksb. Follow the instructions found in the file: if you want qtwebengine, add it to use-modules after "qtwebchannel" and comment out the line "ignore-modules qtwebengine".

Then build Qt6: 

kdesrc-build qt6-set

To compile Qt6 with Qt X11 Extras (which is a necessary library to compile KWindowSystem), you should enable XCB feature during compilation 

kdesrc-build qt6-set --cmake-options="-DQT_FEATURE_xcb=ON"

Qt5

If you want the same for Qt5, change branch-group option and use qt5-set instead of qt6-set.

Qt 6 installed using the Qt online installer

A screen recording version is available https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3BIbYN2vIZw

The homepage of the Qt Framework is https://www.qt.io . Go to this web page, create an online account. https://www.qt.io/download-open-source > "Download the Qt Online Installer" > Linux > "Qt Online Installer for Linux (64-bit)" > download a file named e.g. qt-unified-linux-x64-4.6.1-online.run into the directory e.g. "~/Downloads". 

ls -la ~/Downloads # The downloaded file needs to have the "executable" chmod bit set.
chmod u+x ~/Downloads/qt-unified-linux-x64-4.6.1-online.run
~/Downloads/qt-unified-linux-x64-4.6.1-online.run

A graphical user interface (GUI) installer wizard starts. Login using your Qt online account. Next > check the checkbox "I have read and agree to the terms and conditions of using OpenSource Qt", check the checkbox "I'm an individual and do not use Qt for any company" > Next > Next > enable "Help us improve" > Next > Custom installation, notice that the install directory is "~/Qt" > Next. Install the latest version of Qt6 and the latest version of the Qt Creator integrated development environment (IDE). There are some Qt6 components that are not used by KDE and can be left out when installing Qt6 e.g. Qt Design Studio, WebAssembly, Android, Sources, Qt Quick 3D, Qt 3D, Qt Quick 3D Physics, "Qt Debug Information Files". Next > enable "I have read and agree" > Next > Install.

In the KDE Plasma app launcher (start menu) you now have the application "Qt Maintenance Tool".

Set up kdesrc-build from scratch as usual.

Edit the file kdesrc-buildrc to look like: 

global
...
    qt-install-dir  ~/Qt/6.7.0/gcc_64 # Where to install Qt6 if kdesrc-build supplies it
    libname lib
...
end global

Two independent kdesrc-build configurations: kf6-qt6 and kf5-qt5

You can switch between configurations with --rc-file command line option. Generate another config, make the changes for the source-dir, build-dir, install-dir, and other changes you want. Make sure you use different value for persistent-data-file option, to not mix things up.

As an alternative, you can utilize custom variable to make switch from a single config: 

global
    _ver 5  # <-- Change this to switch
    source-dir ~/kde${_ver}/src
    build-dir ~/kde${_ver}/build
    install-dir ~/kde${_ver}/usr
    persistent-data-file ~/kde${_ver}/persistent-options.json
end global

include ~/.local/share/kdesrc-build/data/build-include/kf${_ver}-qt${_ver}.ksb

Other CPU architectures than x86_64/amd64 and x86

You can build and develop KDE projects using a Linux OS installed on an ARM architecture CPU.

kdesrc-build issues

See https://community.kde.org/Get_Involved/development/Install_the_dependencies

wayland-protocols is too old, e.g. "kdesrc-build kidletime" fails

mkdir -p ~/kde/misc && cd ~/kde/misc
wget https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/wayland/wayland-protocols/-/releases/1.31/downloads/wayland-protocols-1.31.tar.xz
tar -xJvf wayland-protocols-*.tar.xz && mv wayland-protocols-*/ wayland-protocols
cd wayland-protocols
meson setup builddir --prefix $HOME/kde/usr
meson compile -C builddir
meson install -C builddir

"kdesrc-build kpat" fails because of black-hole-solitaire

This happens on Debian/Ubuntu/Kubuntu. Because there is no Linux distribution binary package for https://github.com/shlomif/black-hole-solitaire.

Solution: append at the end of kdesrc-buildrc file: 

options kpat
    cmake-options -DWITH_BH_SOLVER=OFF
end options

libdisplay-info is not available

If your Linux OS does not have a package for libdisplay-info. Append at the end of the file kdesrc-buildrc: 

module libdisplay-info
  repository https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/emersion/libdisplay-info.git
end module
Retrieved from "https://community.kde.org/index.php?title=Get_Involved/development/More&oldid=100651"