Sysadmin/GitKdeOrgManual

From KDE Community Wiki

Overview of facilities

Account management; notably managing your SSH public keys for read-write developer access.
  • git.kde.org

The main git server. Should be used only for pushing new commits to a repository over the SSH protocol.

  • anongit.kde.org

Three servers which allow read-only access to the repositories via the git:// and http:// protocols. Updates every 3 minutes or so.

Central project hub and primary repository browser.
Alternative repository browser. At present the only way to view personal clones of project repositories and personal scratch repositories (see below), however the former are planned to appear in projects.kde.org in the future.
Patch review (account sign-up via KDE Identity). Instructions below.
  • commits.kde.org
Provides Git commit "short URLs", redirecting to KDE Projects and gitweb.kde.org pages as appropriate (example).

How to get read-write developer access

KDE developer accounts are managed through KDE Identity. If you already have a KDE SVN developer account, it has been imported into KDE Identity and you may use the Password Reset feature to set a password and manage your SSH public keys. If you don't have a developer account yet, you can request Developer Access in the website's menu upon registering and logging into your account.

Overview of repository URL schemes

URL prefixes

Anonymous read-only access uses the following URL prefix: 

 git://anongit.kde.org/

Read-write developer access uses this prefix instead: 

 [email protected]:

Repository paths

Following the prefix, here are the path schemes for different types of repositories:

  • <project identifier>
A KDE project repository, be it part of the KDE SC, KDE Extragear or KDE Playground.
  • websites/<address sans leading www. and dots replaced by dashes>
A KDE website project, e.g. websites/projects-kde-org.
  • sysadmin/<repository name>
Non-public repositories used by KDE's sysadmin team.
  • clones/<original repository path>/<KDE Identity user name>/<user-chosen repository name>
Personal clones of project repositories, e.g. clones/konversation/hein/morecowbell or clones/websites/projects-kde-org/hein/pluginwork (more below).
  • scratch/<KDE identity user name>/<user-chosen repository name>
Personal scratch repositories are a means to start a new project or just to store your favorite .bashrc in a safe location: anything is allowed so long as it is related to KDE or your work for KDE in some way (more below).

Let Git rewrite URL prefixes

Instead of remembering the above URL prefixes, you can also put the following in your ~/.gitconfig: 

 [url "git://anongit.kde.org/"]
     insteadOf = kde://
 [url "ssh://[email protected]/"]
     pushInsteadOf = kde://

Then, to clone e. g. the Amarok repo, just do 

 $ git clone kde://amarok

By using the kde:// prefix, read access will automatically happen over Git, and authenticated SSH is only required for pushes.

Server-side commands

git.kde.org understands several server-side commands that can be used on the command line via SSH in this fashion: 

ssh [email protected] <command> [parameters]

The following is a list of the commands that are currently available, broadly divided into categories according to their purpose.

Commands for information retrieval

Shows a table of repository paths and path patterns you have the permission to see along with details about your access rights to them.
A brief legend for the permission flags shown in the listing:
  • @R - Read permissions.
  • @W - Write permissions.
  • @C - Create permissions (e.g. the initial push to a newly-created repo).
If you want to list actual repositories corresponding to patterns listed by info, such as your personal scratch repositories, see the expand command described next.
Like info above, but actually walks through the repositories to verify the information. It's much slower as a result, and should be used if info doesn't provide enough information. For example, info will list your personal scratch space only in the form of a pattern while expand can list the actual repositories located there.
The output is limited to about 20 rows. The optional regex parameter allows you to filter the listing.
  • who-pushed <repository path> <commit sha1 hash> (link here)
Shows the KDE Identity user name of the contributor who pushed the specified commit to the specified repository.

Commands to manage personal repositories

  • clone <path to source repository> <clone name> (link here)
Can be used to make a personal clone of a project repository.
An example:
 ssh [email protected] clone konversation mykonvi
This results in a clone at clones/konversation/<your KDE Identity user name>/mykonvi.
A second example with a longer source repository path:
 ssh [email protected] clone websites/projects-kde-org newtheme
This results in a clone at clones/websites/projects-kde-org/<your KDE Identity user name>/newtheme.
More on personal clones here.
Used to delete a personal clone of a project repository or a personal scratch repository. Requires the repository to be unlocked first using the unlock command and will additionally ask for confirmation. See also the trash command as an alternative to outright and irrevocable deletion.
Locks a repository, causing the destroy command to deny deleting it.
Newly-created repositories are locked by default.
Unlocks a repository, making it possible to delete it using the destroy command.

Commands to manage the personal trash area

Moves a repository to the personal trash area, creating an entry in the form <repository path>/<timestamp> there. The timestamps, which have second precision, make it possible to have more than one version of a repository in the trash area at the same time.
Note: Entries in the personal trash area are automatically removed after 28 days!
Restores an entry from the personal trash area (see the list-trash command below for how to list the contents of your personal trash area).
restore will deny restoring an entry if doing so would overwrite an existing repository.
Lists all entries in the personal trash area, in the form <repository path>/<timestamp>.

Commands related to repository importing

Available only to repository and system administrators, this command enables several hook scripts that git.kde.org will then execute during a push operation to the specified project repository. Importantly, it also enables write access for non-administrators, which is otherwise disabled along with the hooks scripts.
The hook scripts in question are the ones reponsible for forwarding commits to the kde-commits mailing list and CIA.vc, and for processing commit message keywords (BUG, CCMAIL, etc.) that may interact with KDE Bugzilla or cause further emails to be sent. As these hook scripts are only available to project repositories, and not to personal repositories, the command only applies to them.
After creating a new, empty project repository for you the system administators will initially disable the hook scripts so you can safely import large numbers of old commits.

Commands for system administrators

Used by system administrators to run one of the above as another user.
Used by system administrators to enable or disable writes to particular repositories or all repositories, for maintenance.
Disables the hook scripts git.kde.org normally executes during a push operation to a project repository. While the hook scripts are disabled only repository administrators can push commits to a repository. Both system and repository administrators have the ability to reenable the hook scripts using the hooks-enable command.
  • ohnoes <show|recover> <repository path> <gitref> (link here)
Used by system administrators to recover deleted branches or mistaken force pushes (rewinds).

Personal repositories

git.kde.org currently offers two types of personal repositories: Personal clones of project repositories and personal scratch repositories.

Personal clones of project repositories

A personal clone of a project repository can be created using the server-side clone command on the command line: 

 ssh [email protected] clone <path to source repository> <clone name>

This will create a clone of the source repository at clones/<path to source repository>/<KDE Identity user name>/<clone name>. (See more examples of clone in action here.)

This scheme makes it very easy to locate all personal clones of a given project and should be preferred over making one in your personal scratch space. (In fact, the server-side clone command won't allow you to clone a project repository into your personal scratch space, but nothing technically prevents you from taking the detour of a local clone to achieve this.)

Personal clones of project repositories currently do not show up on KDE Projects, but we have plans to change that in the future. Until then, you can use gitweb.kde.org to browse these repositories.

Personal scratch repositories

Personal scratch repositories are a means to start a new project or just to store your favorite .bashrc in a safe location: anything is allowed so long as it is related to KDE or your work for KDE in some way.

Creating one is easily done by just pushing: 

 git push --all [email protected]:scratch/<your KDE Identity user name>/<repo name of your choosing>

(Or you could use git remote add to add a remote to push to.)

Personal scratch repositories can be browsed on gitweb.kde.org.

If you feel your new project is ready for the wider world and/or wish to signal that it welcomes outside contributors, you may wish to promote it to the status of a KDE Playground project. KDE Playground project repositories are located at the top-level, i.e. the repository will be moved out of your scratch space and may have to be renamed in the event of a collision with an existing repository name. KDE Playground projects are featured on KDE Projects and covered by the kde-commits mailing list (and thus CommitFilter), LXR, the EBN and CIA, unlike personal scratch repositories.

To request your scratch repository be promoted to the status of a KDE Playground project, you currently need to file a sysadmin request. In the future we plan to provide a fully automated facility on KDE Projects.

Note that we have deliberately decided not to allow the direct creation of KDE Playground projects; the path to existence for a KDE Playground repository project always leads through a personal scratch space first. This is to give you the power to decide whether your project is ready, and also to force you to deliberate whether it truly is.

Deleting personal repositories

A personal repository can either be deleted outright and irrevocably by using the destroy command (which requires you to unlock it first to avoid accidental deletion), or you may move it to the personal trash area with the trash command.

Entries in the personal trash area are kept for 28 days, and can be resurrected at any moment during those 28 days by way of the restore command. You can list the current contents of your personal trash area with the list-trash command.

Using ReviewBoard and post-review

A very comfortable way of posting changes for review is ReviewBoard, where every project repository has its own entry.

Creating your changeset

To create your changeset, you probably want to work in a separate branch - or even in your clone. This is actually suggested and the proper way to do changesets in Git. You can create any number of commits, amend them, and do whatever you want to do - it won't affect the next steps, as you will submit the whole branch for review.

Before proceeding it is good practice to rebase your branch onto the branch you want to target for the merge. So, supposing you want to target master, make sure it is up-to-date with the remote and then run: 

git rebase master

Using post-review to post changes for review

Once you are done with the above, it is time to post the changes to ReviewBoard. The easiest and most comfortable way to do that is post-review, a handy command line tool which takes care of creating review requests for you.

Prerequisites

The following has to be done only once to make your local clone fit for use with post-review.

First of all, you have to tell it about the ReviewBoard server. If your project does not ship with a .reviewboardrc file (encourage the project manager to add one!), the first thing you have to run is: 

git config reviewboard.url http://git.reviewboard.kde.org

ReviewBoard currently only knows the project repositories by their git:// URLs, making it necessary to have a remote using the git:// URL in your clone. If your origin remote is already using the git:// URL, you are all set. If not you need to add another remote now.

Let's suppose you are looking to have some changes to Amarok reviewed, and the URL of your origin remote is [email protected]:amarok. To add another remote using the git:// URL you might run: 

git remote add anonupstream git://git.kde.org/amarok
git fetch anonupstream

If your origin remote was already using the git:// url, substitute anonupstream with origin throughout the rest of this tutorial.

Creating the review request

You are now ready to create the review request. The post-review command should look something like this: 

post-review --parent=master --tracking-branch=anonupstream/master

This command tells post-review that your branch is based upon master, and it is set to track the remote branch anonupstream/master. You can also give post-review some more arguments to avoid using the web interface later - have a look at the user manual for more on that.

After the command has been run a web address will be shown in the terminal, pointing at your review request.

Updating a review request

If you need to update an existing review request you can invoke post-review with an additional -r argument, which should be the numeric id of the review request you want to update. Supposing you want to update review request 54, you would run: 

post-review --parent=master --tracking-branch=anonupstream/master -r 54

Creating a ReviewBoard-compatible diff

In some rare cases you simply want to generate a diff and submit it to ReviewBoard later. You can do that by running: 

post-review --parent=master -n > your-patch.patch

Requesting project migrations from KDE SVN or Gitorious.org

To get your project moved from KDE SVN or Gitorious.org to git.kde.org, you have to file a sysadmin request providing the following information:

  • The name and description of the project.
  • The current location of the project.
  • Its current or intended module (e.g. playground/utils or extragear/network).
  • Which KDE Identity user name(s) should have admin rights to the repository and the entry on KDE Projects.
  • The email address that the ReviewBoard group for the project should send emails to.
  • The date and time the migration should take place (can be "asap").

When we have completed processing your request, there will be an empty repository at the chosen path (more here) that the repository administrators can push the data into. (When converting from KDE svn to git this typically involves writing a rule set, running svn-all-fast-export, and then pushing the created repository into the new git path.) Once you are done pushing everything to the repository, use the hooks-enable command to enable the commit hooks and allow write access to non-administrators.

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