Revision as of 02:14, 13 April 2022

Flatpak is a solution for creating sandboxed software builds for GNU/Linux systems. You can find more information here.

Applications

We are building release versions of most KDE applications and distributing them on flathub, https://flathub.org. We are also building "nightly" versions of most KDE applications and distributing them from the kdeapps remote at https://distribute.kde.org. The latter builds the latest source code of the application, so expect some unstable development quirks; on the bright side, if you find one, you get to tell the developers so they can fix it!

The "app store" or software center in many distributions is able to install Flatpaks. You can simply open the flatpakrepo files with Discover or your otherwise favorite software center:

and then when you search for a KDE application it should offer to install the flatpak version.

Here's how to install a Flatpak application from the terminal:

flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo
flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists kdeapps --from https://distribute.kde.org/kdeapps.flatpakrepo
flatpak install kdeapps org.kde.okular

If you added both the Flathub and kdeapps repos, the `flatpak` command-line tool will prompt you which one you want, something like:

flatpak install skrooge
Looking for matches…
Remotes found with refs similar to ‘skrooge’:
  
 1) ‘flathub’ (system)
 2) ‘kdeapps’ (system)
  
Which do you want to use (0 to abort)? [0-2]: 2
Found ref ‘app/org.kde.skrooge/x86_64/master’ in remote ‘kdeapps’ (system).
Use this ref? [Y/n]: y

Using Flatpak Applications

Once a flatpak package is installed, it can be run with

flatpak run org.kde.okular

and be updated with the latest version from the binary factory by

flatpak update org.kde.okular

Build status

The Continuous Integration that triggers many of the nightly flatpak builds is at https://binary-factory.kde.org. If a flatpak is not updated or has a problem, you may be able to look at build logs here and puzzle out why.

Similarly, https://flathub.org/builds/ monitors flatpak builds on Flathub.

For developers

Qt and KF5 Runtime

We provide a runtime with Qt and all KDE Frameworks 5 (except for the 4th tier) to make sure it's easily adaptable for any KDE Application and possibly most Qt-based applications as well. Installing a KDE application's flatpak should automatically install an appropriate version of the runtime.

This runtime, and optionally its SDK for program development, can be added with the following commands:

flatpak install flathub org.kde.Platform//5.15-21.08
flatpak install flathub org.kde.Sdk//5.15-21.08

Note

All flatpak commands (such as remote-add and install) accept a --user option to install things at the user level, without being prompted for the sudo password every time.

Compile your application

Now you get to compile your favorite application. If you want to see how it's done, you can see some of the ones that have already been built. You can find it here.

To compile applications, you should create a json file similar to the ones in the previous link. Then you'd just need to trigger the build and get it into a repository. For testing, I recommend just creating a local one (to publish an rsync will be required).

mkdir app repo
flatpak-builder --ccache --repo=repo --subject="Build of AWESOMEAPP `date`" app org.kde.AWESOMEAPP.json

This will do everything required and create a repository in ./repo. To test the application we add the repository (called remotes), we install the application and then we run it:

flatpak remote-add awesomeapp repo --no-gpg-verify
flatpak install awesomeapp org.kde.AWESOMEAPP
flatpak run org.kde.AWESOMEAPP

Now you will see that some things don't work and you'll have the privilege to start fixing things!

Contribute!

In the following repositories you'll find the code in charge of packaging the runtime (Qt 5 and KF5) and then several (but not all, yet) KDE Applications.

Runtime: https://invent.kde.org/packaging/flatpak-kde-runtime/
Applications: https://invent.kde.org/packaging/flatpak-kde-applications/
Our XDG portals: https://invent.kde.org/plasma/xdg-desktop-portal-kde/

Flatpak portals

Portals are high-level session bus APIs that provide selective access to resources to sandboxed applications. The implicit expectation of portals is that the user will always be involved in granting or rejecting a portal request, thus most portal APIs will lead to user interaction in the form of dialogs.

Since such dialogs must fit into the user experience of the desktop shell, the portal APIs are implemented by a generic frontend called xdg-desktop-portal which calls out to desktop-specific implementations that provide the actual UI. The bus name through which the portal APIs are available is org.freedesktop.portal.Desktop, with the object path /org/freedesktop/portal/desktop implementing the various portal interfaces.

Note

You can find more information about flatpak portals here.

KDE implementation of portals

The KDE backend for flatpak portals is called xdg-desktop-portal-kde and is now part of Plasma releases (starting with Plasma 5.10). Currently it supports most of the portals. If you want to test KDE flatpak portals, you can use this simple test app.

Debugging portals

To get some debug information, you first kill the running xdg-desktop-portal-kde instance. Then first start xdg-desktop-portal-kde with:

QT_LOGGING_RULES='xdg-desktop*.debug=true' /usr/lib/$(uname -m)-linux-gnu/libexec/xdg-desktop-portal-kde

then in another terminal session restart xdg-desktop-portal with:

G_MESSAGES_DEBUG=all /usr/libexec/xdg-desktop-portal --verbose --replace

You can use above mentioned testing application to test various portals. You should then see debug output from xdp-kde similar to:

xdg-desktop-portal-kde: Desktop portal registered successfuly
xdg-desktop-portal-kde-file-chooser: OpenFile called with parameters:
xdg-desktop-portal-kde-file-chooser:     handle:  "/org/freedesktop/portal/desktop/request/1_255/t"
xdg-desktop-portal-kde-file-chooser:     parent_window:  "x11:1"
xdg-desktop-portal-kde-file-chooser:     title:  "Flatpak test - open dialog"
xdg-desktop-portal-kde-file-chooser:     options:  QMap(("accept_label", QVariant(QString, "Open (portal)"))("filters", QVariant(QDBusArgument, ))("modal", QVariant(bool, true))("multiple", QVariant(bool, true)))

You can see which portal has been called, whether it has been called or when you check output from xdg-desktop-portal then you should see message in case of portal error (usually related to DBus). You can also monitor dbus messages using dbus-monitor, which indicates whether portals get involved at all as everything goes through DBus.

Styles and integration with other desktops

We are aware that not everyone is using KDE/Qt applications in Plasma desktop. For this flatpak comes with extensions, where you specify a directory (with themes, icons) where third-party is allowed to install additional stuff as an addition to what we have in our runtimes. At this moment we have added support for Gnome in form of adwaita icons and adwaita-qt style. All you need to is install following extensions using commands below:

flatpak install flathub org.freedesktop.Platform.Icontheme.Adwaita
flatpak install flathub org.kde.KStyle.Adwaita
flatpak install flathub org.kde.PlatformTheme.QGnomePlatform