Android

 

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KDE software on Android

Android is currently the mobile platform regarding market share and number of provided applications. Hence, it is a platform very well suited to increase the availability and usage of applications by the KDE community. In the following, we give an overview of the technical steps required to setup a build system for cross-compiling a Qt5/KF5 based Android application, the necessary steps to deploy it, and a reference list of the porting steps by different applications/people.

Tutorial for Building Applications on Android

For building Qt applications on Android, some extra steps are required in comparison to building directly on Linux. The following instruction expects that KF5/Qt5 based applications can already be built and all necessary tools are installed (gcc, cmake, git,...). The main idea for the setup is that we use precompiled Qt libraries (named NDK and SDK), which are built for the ARM-based Android platform. All building then is done by using these libraries. Still the build-process itself will use the tools from your Linux system (in the following called "host system"; while the Android device is called "target system"). The additional tools mostly are the Java Development Kit and according tools for building Java applications.

Prerequisites / Setup of Cross-Compiling Build System

At first we prepare your system with all necessary packages to build your application for Android. For this tutorial we assume that everything is done in the folder /opt/android/ (you can adapt the tutorial accordingly when using another folder).

1. Some 32 bit system libraries are required for the host system (because some tools are 32 bit):
   • libgcc, zlib, libc
2. installing on Debian based system:
   • dpkg --add-architecture i386
   • apt-get install zlib1g:i386 libgcc1:i386 libc6:i386
3. Extra-CMake-Modules
   • we require at least version >= 5.15 due to https://git.reviewboard.kde.org/r/125183
   • you can also use a smaller version >= 1.7.0 if applying this change directly to your cmake files
4. Android SDK
   • Download: http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html to /opt/android/
   • Unpack, run "tools/android update sdk" and select the following packages:
     • Android SDK Tools (24.3.4)
     • Android SDK Platform-tools (23.0.1)
     • Android SDK Build-tools (22.0.1)
     • Android 5.1.1 (API 22): SDK Platform (only "SDK Platform" needed, i.e. no docs, samples or sources)
   • result: now the SDK should be installed in /opt/android/android-sdk-linux
5. Android NDK
   • Download: https://developer.android.com/ndk/index.html to /opt/android/
   • unpack the package (see the instructions on the download page)
   • result: now the NDK should be installed in /opt/android/android-ndk-r10e
6. Qt with support for Android devices
   • Download the Qt 5.5.0 for Android: https://www.qt.io/download-open-source/#section-2 (32-bit or 64-bit as it fits your host system; usually 64-bit)
   • Variant 1: Offline Installers ("Skip" can be used without problem when asked to register an account)
   • Variant 2: Online installer ("Skip" can be used without problem when asked to register an account)
   • install the following components to /opt/android/Qt5.5.0:
     • Android armv7
     • Qt Creator 3.4.2 (cannot be disabled, some of its tools are used from other parts)
     • Recommended components:
       • Qt Quick Controls
       • Qt Location
       • Qt Script
       • Optional components (there might be KDE software using it):
       • Qt WebEngine
       • Qt Canvas 3D
       • Qt3D
       • Qt Quick 1
7. Install the following software packages on your host system from your package manager (if not yet installed):
   • CMake: >= 2.8.6
   • Java Development Kit 7 (openjdk-7-jdk)
   • Ant

Setup Build Environment

The build environment is the name for the shell in that the application is build. The shell is prepared by exporting a series of environment variables that then are picked up by the build scripts.

export ADIR=/opt/android
export ANDROID_NDK=$ADIR/android-ndk-r10e
# note the _ROOT postfix here, different pattern
export ANDROID_SDK_ROOT=$ADIR/android-sdk-linux
export Qt5_android=$ADIR/Qt5.5.0/5.5/android_armv7/
export ANDROID_API_VERSION=android-22
export PATH=$ADIR/android-sdk-linux/platform-tools/:$PATH
# adapt the following path to your ant installation
export ANT=/usr/bin/ant
# adapt the following path to your openjdk location, eg:
#  openSUSE: /usr/lib64/jvm/java (needs default version being properly set, see notes below)
#  Debian: /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk/

Some notes:

• /opt/android should be replaced with the custom build folder selected by you
• Java platform 7 is needed (both JRE and JDK). One can select the Java platform versions e.g. with update-alternatives --config java and update-alternatives --config javac
• Use jrunscript -e 'java.lang.System.out.println(java.lang.System.getProperty("java.home"));' to find the JAVA_HOME

Building

Example: Building Marble

cd /opt/android
git clone kde:marble
mkdir marble/build
cd marble/build
cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=/PATH/TO/ECM/toolchain/Android.cmake -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$Qt5_android -DQT_NO_WEBKIT=TRUE -DQT_NO_PRINTER=TRUE  -DQT_NO_DBUS=TRUE -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=../export  ..
make install/strip

Note:

• /PATH/TO/ECM/toolchain/Android.cmake must be replaced with the actual path to toolchain/Android.cmake
• make install/strip strips build symbols from the binaries and reduces sizes considerably

Building with KDESRC-BUILD

For building the below mentioned frameworks on Android, you can use the following kdesrc-buildrc config file:

cd /opt/android
git clone git://anongit.kde.org/scratch/cordlandwehr/kdesrc-conf-android.git
mkdir -p extragear/kdesrc-build
git clone kde:kdesrc-build extragear/kdesrc-build
ln -s extragear/kdesrc-build/kdesrc-build kdesrc-build
ln -s kdesrc-conf-android/kdesrc-buildrc kdesrc-buildrc
./kdesrc-build extra-cmake-modules frameworks-android

Packaging and Deployment of APKs

Note

See ECM Toolchain documentation, to be added here as example

Status of KDE Frameworks 5

The following frameworks can currently be used for Qt5/KF5 based applications. They are not (yet?) provided as precompiled libraries but can easily be compiled via kdesrc-build.

Built Successfully

• kconfig (note: unit tests must be disabled)
• kcompletion
• kitemmodels
• kitemviews
• kcodecs
• karchive
• kguiaddons
• kwidgetsaddons
• attica
• kdnssd
• kapidox
• kimageformats
• kplotting

Current Blockers

The following frameworks cannot yet be built and block building of further Tier 1 frameworks:

• kcoreaddons: unix specific backend not compatible with Android's libc
• ki18n: dependency on libintl, which is not available on Android
  • usage of libintl-light currently under investigation

"Hello KWorld" example

Simple example how to create Qt-based apps for Android using CMake and ECM.

Get the example code by git clone git://anongit.kde.org/scratch/kossebau/hellokandroid.git

Further References

References:

• Extra-CMake-Modules Toolchain: API documentation

Application specific build instructions:

• Marble: build instructions

Blog posts about building for Android (careful: instructions may be outdated)

• 2015-09 - Dennis Nienhüser: Announcing Marble Maps for Android Open Beta
• 2015-04 - Péterffy Gábor: Marble is coming to Android
• 2015-01 - GCompris Devels: GCompris is now released on Android
• 2014-06 - Alex Pol: KDE Software on Android

Current TODOS

• add ported applications to kdesrc file -> CoLa
• provide preconfigured docker image for the whole setup -> CoLa
• provide small example project to test building and deploying: -> Friedrich (?)